One of the reasons why building with almost zero energy consumption does not meet the expectation is that it may be too complicated. Another factor is that the project may be too optimistic, and other unforeseen factors, such as office equipment, which actually dominates the energy balance of the building.

There's no law regulation to fix details of gas and electricity supply billing for big customers, such as industrial customers etc. Customer must fix it with the supplier on his own initiative in the supply contract.

The European Union is committed to reducing energy consumption in the built environment. Since the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) represents approximately 11% of the total electricity consumption in Europe, these systems are an important part of the commitment of the EU. In this article, we discuss two specific aspects of HVAC energy efficiency, both are based on that understanding how the commercial buildings work in real life is the first step towards reducing energy consumption.

In connection with the implementation of the revised European Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings, certain legislative provisions such as Decree No. 148/2007, Coll. Replaced by Decree No. 78/2013, Coll. are currently amending. This article is focused on the changes associated with the energy certification of buildings, the "ENB", from the perspective of changes in the evaluation ENB.

Today's world is connected with use of computer technology. Of course, there is an increase of security threats that are related to computer and computer networks. It is not just about IT security systems, but in terms of security objects and their parts into which access is restricted whether it be for any reason. Therefore, the user identification is one of the most important parts of the security access systems. To work on the development of functional, reliable and yet not too financially demanding system, is needed to be familiar with existing systems.

The new standard CSN 75 5409 is valid from March 1^st 2013. Technical Report on protection against Legionella will apply from May 1^st 2013. In case of conflict of energy saving and hygiene prevails hygiene. Size of the hot water tank is chosen according to the requirement of heat pump. Volume of accumulation of solar systems is about 50 l / m ² of collector area.

The paper focuses on the conditions of fire and risk connected with dust layer. The next part is about thermal degradation of biomass and heat transfer on dust layer. The next part shows test methods for flame spread. The connection of dust layer and possible secondary explosion. In the article is highlighted connection with space and equipment cleaning due to ČSN EN 60079-10-2.

Benchmarking is a continuous and systematic comparison of own performance in productivity, quality, and manufacturing process, with enterprises and organizations representing excellence. "Benchmarking is the process of identifying best practices in other organizations and learning from them."

Each interior where people live, must be - to ensure a wholesome environment - ventilable and adequately ventilated. Our regulations, although they do not always speak the same way, provide sufficient evidence for the solution. But sometimes reality is quite different.

This article summarises the results of research on work intensity in special greenhouses based on measurement of heart rate in correlation with microclimatic environmental working conditions in these greenhouses during the summer period of the year. According to the results of measurement the indoor conditions represented by operative temperature value were higher than value required by low in Czech Republic. In order to these facts, the general conclusion of this study is proposal appropriate operation mode for workers in so specific environment conditions.

Infiltration system is technical equipment absorbing the excess of rainwater that flows from rooftops, roads, car parks and other buildings. Rainwater management and infiltration systems are very important for rainwater drainage and they offer us many ecological and economical benefits and last but not least they represent widening of technical solution scale for rainwater efficient use.

Intelligent building is designed and implemented on the base of the appropriate selection of quality environment modules to meet the requirements of users. Appropriate equipment of building is chosen so as to achieve long-term value of the building.

Meaningfulness and financial benefits of the hydraulic system of hot water and heating control are known in the general public. Less well known is need to care for such a controlled system and the possible need to streamline the already regulated system.

Energy audit in the Czech Republic has twenty years history. The first decade was a period of searching, others ten years were period of legal obligations. The author is one of our first energy auditors. Features personal experience on the development of the methodology, legislation and practical application.

Hydraulic control of heating systems means - except hydraulic control of central heating - hot water system control. Despite the fact that hot water system control is the duty of the law, unlike hydraulic control of heating systems that have been implemented since 1998, hot water systems are controlled sporadically.

This article is focused on plan optimization issues of preventive maintenance based on risk assessment. The aim is to propose a cohesive system layout which involves the maintenance optimisation as a whole and achieve better results compare to simple applying the individual methods. This system is divided into five fundamental phases which are consequently following one after another and guarantee the order and structure of the process. Every phase consist of individual sections which thoroughly describe particular execution and procedures. The proposed system should help readers to obtain sufficient information in order to understand the different parts of the system and enable them to make their own opinion on synergy of systematic methodology which deals with optimization of maintenance. All these aspects are very important in practice due to the complexity of most ventilation, heating and air conditioning systems.

Commonly practiced simple statistical analysis of heat consumption shows differences of measured values, but not thermal energy savings, for which the buildings are insulated and the heating systems re-regulated. Differences of measured values at different temperatures inside buildings have no practical benefit for the consumer because they say nothing about the actual and they do not allow to adjust the heating mode nor by changing the behaviour of people in apartments, nor by any other instrument. Heat consumers lack information on the relations between the average internal temperature of objects during measurement of heat consumption, on the influence of heat gain and possible heat savings in compliance with the legislation provided average internal temperature of the object.

Sloping roofs have been being built for centuries. Until recently, these roofs had only one purpose - to protect the building from rainwater, snow or other climatic influences. Let's look more closely at the current issue of excessive moisture in the roofs and let's show with pictures some specific examples.

According to heat need for hot water and heat loss during its generation and distribution it is determined the energy demand for heat source. Identification of hot water need and heating demand for its generation and distribution is also necessary for energy certification of buildings.