The article discusses the latest findings on the genesis of disinfection by-products in connection with the use of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone and UV radiation as a disinfectant.
Measurement of natural lighting should be performed in a dark surrounding terrain. In light terrain (landscape covered with snow) only for completion. With regard to the brightness of the sky, its stability and colour of sky, it should be performed at the time around noon. It shouldn't rain or be fog. Disadvantage is requirement of uniformly overcast sky, because it happens only few times a year.
The article presents two different fire alarm systems for detection in intelligent building. It compares the "traditional" smoke detectors and modern suction unit. Classical design is more advantageous ina way of cost, energy performance and difficulty of installation. Advantage of the suction unit is a very high sensitivity and rapid fire detection.
At present, nobody knows how the energy future will look like. What is certain is that fossil resources can be depleted in the horizon of decades. Proven reserves of uranium – if the power consumption should be replaced by current reactors – would last for only a few years. There are only three promising energy technologies: nuclear fusion, fast breeder reactors with closed fuel cycle and renewable energy sources, along with energy efficiency. While commissioning of the first fusion power plant is expected the earliest by 2040, and demonstration plants with so-called generation IV reactors in 2030, renewable energy sources are already massively installed at present. Construction of nuclear power plant is always more expensive and takes more time than originally planned. Situation of renewables and especially photovoltaic is the reverse – they are built faster and the prices are lower than anyone imagined.
The amount of volume coefficient depends on elevation of location of gas consumption and the temperature of gas flowing through the gasometer. In this paper we describe the procedure by which you can check that the coefficient of volume on the invoice is correct. The coefficient is one of the factors that affect your cost of gas.
Regular inspection is focused on boilers and smoke flue, its accessories, security and regulation. The article presents an example of inspection of the thermal system with older atmospheric gas boiler in a house without insulation. Technical details of the revision are completed with final report as a result of the inspection .
Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, Chris Huhne, proclaimed: "Renewable energy technologies will deliver a third industrial revolution." He criticised "faultfinders and curmudgeons who hold forth on the impossibility of renewables – the unholy alliance of climate sceptics and armchair engineers who are selling Britain’s ingenuity short."
Regular inspection is focused to the boiler, smoke flue and accessories condition, its security and regulation. In addition to the technical condition and maintenance, the documentation, operating instructions, manuals and other documents are under inspection. It quantifies the overall boiler efficiency of measurement results, sets reference respectively minimum boiler efficiency and suggests possible actions.
At present, we encounter increasingly the task to use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for illuminating industrial environments, public places, the automotive industry and households. In connection with this, there are questions about replacement of classic light bulbs by LED tubes and the idea that the exchange can handle every ordinary user. but there are some risks in terms of product safety. This paper deals with it.
On Wednesday, January 11th, the public had the opportunity to attend a seminar of Václav Klaus: Zero energy buildings - an ingenious design, or pointless EU regulation? In this paper you can listen to it again. Speakers were Václav Klaus, Pavel Gebauer (MIT), Ivo Strejček (MEP), Karel Kabele (Czech Technical University) and Lukáš Petřík (Parliamentary news editor).
Klaus and certainly anothers see the concept of (almost) zero energy building as a chimera, a concept that someone created and prescribed by regulation. Fortunately, we know that is not entirely without support in practice. Unfortunately at the seminar, for the ears of the President, or others, it was not clearly said that the design and realisation of efficient buildings is under way, and without regard to European regulations and time ultimatums. Many architects and designers consider it absolutely for granted, and design it of their own volition and on their own beliefs. If we leave aside the fact that the emergence of the directive was the political decision, which is needed to cope, we can build efficient buildings.
Lifts (or elevators) are transport machines designed for vertical transport of persons and material in buildings. Taking into consideration the global systemisation of transport and handling machinery, lifts are belonging to the category of hoisting machines that are creating a wider sub-group of the whole system of transport and handling machines. There is known also a special category of electrically driven lifts. It is the category of lifts equipped by a chain, which is acting as tensile means instead of the steel wire ropes. This type of lift is equipped with platforms or cabs attached to a pair of continuously moving chains. These chains are running collaterally around the upper and bottom terminal chain wheels. Such lift doesn’t stop at each floor, but passengers are entering and getting out while a lift is moving. This sort of lift is called popularly “paternoster”. Despite of indisputable technically-operational advantages of the constantly moving lifts, it is necessary to find their era ending because they are considered to be dangerous in a majority of the EU-member countries. The “paternosters” are not able to fulfil principal requirements of the universal design, i.e. design, which is applicable for all people without limitations.
The development of the project on Energy Performance Contracting is very significant even without any state support till recent time. Last year we can see finaly some support. Ministry of Environment has supported EPC in general by the project in programme of environmental education and promotion. Also Ministry of Industry and Trade endeavours to support first phase of EPC project preparation to select buildings suitable to apply EPC from programme EFEKT from 2012. The methodology for the using of the EPC in the state buildings will be prepared by the end of 2011. By the end of this year several moreover several new tenders will be announced in public sector.
This paper deals with changes in the newly revised technical standard for building thermal performance in terms of ventilation and distribution of air in the building. This paper describes the formulation of requirements, when it is necesary to guarantee a quality of indoor environment and also minimize the energy consumption of ventilation. Attention is also paid to disseminating of air into leaks in the facade or roof.
Projects of the International Energy Agency show that use energy more efficiently has a greater potential to reduce CO2 over the next 20 years than all other options combined. The main objectives of intelligent networks are improving the efficiency, reliability, safety and environmental sustainability.