TZB-info is an Internet resource specialising in information on construction, energy savings, and the related fields collectively referred to as mechanical and electrical systems usually known as building services (in Czech abbreviated as TZB). Its primary focus lies within the construction of buildings and energy issues related thereto. Whether you're looking for heating, electricity, heat loss reduction or building efficiency, the portal offers up-to-date information on the developments in those fields every day. The information presented by TZB-info is carefully selected and edited, serving a diverse audience of professionals ranging from designers to installers but also the general public. TZB-info records 750,000 visits every month. read whole text
Heating18.3.2024 | Ing. Jiří Vrba, TNK 105 Komíny Heating14.2.2024 | Ing. Josef Hodboď, TZB-info, redakce Heating13.2.2024 | Ing. Zdeněk Lyčka Heating12.2.2024 | Ing. Josef Hodboď, TZB-info, redakceThe resulting value of the heating factor of a combination of two heat pumps, in which the first heat pump is the heat source for the second heat pump, can be determined fairly easily in common technical application practice. The procedure and the resulting formula are given in the article.
Ventilating and Air-Conditioning29.12.2023 | RNDr. Bohumil Kotlík, Ph.D., pplk. Ing. Jiří MatějkaThe paper relates the results of efficiency tests of specific application methods of surface and air remediation in the indoor environment of buildings, the scope and supply of which have significantly expanded in connection with the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. The tests were focused on the most frequently offered procedures, i.e. on the use of open and closed (air purifiers) sources of UV-C radiation, fumigation (use of biocides) and ozonation. Special attention is paid to fulfilling the wording of related EU laws and regulations and compliance with safety principles in the application of these procedures in the work and municipal environments. We also give examples of numerous problems and shortcomings in the application of these technologies.
Ventilating and Air-Conditioning7.8.2023 | Ing. David Petrýdes, Ph.D., MBA, Air-lab s.r.o.The paper focuses on the experimental verification of the use of CO
2 as a tracer gas for the detection of leakages in air handling systems, instead of the widely used tracer gas of sulphur hexafluoride (SF
6), which is subject to legislative restrictions. Verification of the applicability of CO
2 is accompanied by the definition of measurement uncertainties.
Ventilating and Air-Conditioning3.7.2023 | Ing. Hana Kabrhelová, Ph.D.The author answers the question whether the ventilation prescribed by the standard ČSN EN 15 665/Z1 Ventilation of buildings is sufficient in terms of the amount of ventilation air. In the case of choosing the minimum values specified in the standard, this may not be the case.
Water and Drainage19.1.2024 | Ing. Štěpán Zrostlík, Ph.D., Ing. Ondřej Mašek, Ing. Rostislav Kasal, Ph.D., Ing. Tomáš Hejduk, Ph.D., Ing. Petr Fučík, Ph.D. Renewable Energy5.2.2024 | Ing. Jiří Novotný, Univerzitní centrum energeticky efektivních budov, ČVUT v PrazeThe design of a photovoltaic system taking into account heat loss, external and internal gains, the method of heating and water heating is made possible by a calculation tool created for the balancing of buildings with photovoltaic systems. In the example, combinations of FS with a heat pump or with an electric boiler are compared.
Renewable Energy29.1.2024 | Ing. Viacheslav Shemelin, Ph.D., ČVUT v Praze, Univerzitní centrum energeticky efektivních budov Renewable Energy27.12.2023 | Ing. Viacheslav Shemelin, Ph.D., ČVUT v Praze, Univerzitní centrum energeticky efektivních budov Electrical Engineering25.1.2021 | Ing. Radim Šifta, Ph.D., NETWORK GROUP, s.r.o.The paper describes special types of fiber optic point sensors based on FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) and FP (Fabry-Perót) structures. First part of the paper deals with principle of FBG and FP and their exposition. Next part is focused on different types of FBG and FP sensors and principle of interrogation units. Finally practical examples of use are listed.
Electrical Engineering20.1.2021 | Ing. Radim Šifta, Ph.D., NETWORK GROUP, s.r.o.The paper deals with special types of sensors that use optical fibers to measure various non-electrical quantities. The introduction describes the principle of light transmission in optical fibers and their applications. Main part is focused on fiber-optic sensors and their dividing. Special attention is paid to the distribution sensory systems and their practical application.
Electrical Engineering7.6.2020 | Ing. Petr Tánczos, PhD., Mgr. Bc. Viktória Sláviková, Ing. Zoltán Tánczos, PhD., doc. Ing. Mikuláš Monoši, PhD. Elevators24.8.2015 | Ing. Bohuslav Kratěna, Unie výtahového průmyslu České republiky Elevators20.7.2015 | Vladimír Hulena, pověřený HK ČR k provádění audituCSN 27 4002 2014 Safety rules for lifts - Operation and service of lifts has introduced a new term by an authorized service company. It is the transparency of professional competence companies in servicing elevators, to owners / operators can better decide with whom an agreement that service because it has a major impact on their responsibility to ensure the safe operation of elevators. Therefore, for this situation was the subject of speculation, it was decided to examine service firms independent commissioners, contracted authorizing body, in this case, the Chamber of Commerce, which, when positive evaluation subsequently issue a certificate of authorization, and the company name may Authorized service company use.
Elevators28.7.2014 | Ing. Jan Dvořák, Ing. Bohuslav Kratěna, Vladimír HulenaUnion for Elevator Industry summarizes the most important news in the standards and audits, as presented at the seminar Elevators 2014. This includes controversy with a new concept of authorized service company that has been published on our portal in advance.
Elevators21.7.2014 | plk. Ing. Zdeněk Hošek, Ph.D., Ministerstvo vnitra - generální ředitelství Hasičského záchranného sboru ČRElevators belong to a very important building services and technologies. For these reasons, they need to pay attention not only in terms of proper technical implementation, but also in terms of fire safety. In particular, fire and evacuation lifts, which are also very important fire safety devices must also meet the stringent technical requirements of fire protection.
Energetics11.3.2024 | Ing. Ján Klepáč, MGBM, Slovenský plynárenský a naftový zväz Energetics8.2.2024 | Ing. Miloslav Modlík, Ministerstvo průmyslu a obchodu Energetics18.1.2024 | Ing. Lukáš Pilař, Ph.D., Ing. Karel Borovec, Ph.D. Facility management19.2.2024 | Bc. Lenka Křížová, dataPartner s.r.o.The constantly evolving environment of industrial companies, influenced by the advent of new technologies, also affects maintenance. The aim of this paper is to present the possibility of managing maintenance with the help of an information system. Its functionalities allow the implementation of all strategies, i. e., in addition to corrective and planned maintenance, it also uses preventive diagnostic maintenance.
Facility management12.2.2024 | Ing. Jan VidimAccidents, increased energy consumption, but also a gradual decrease in the value of the building are the result of inappropriate HVAC operation. Many owners do not realize this and do not know how to solve it. Several examples show the most common errors and their solutions.
Facility management15.1.2024 | Ing. Miroslav Urban, Ph.D., prof. Ing. Karel Kabele, CSc., doc. Dr. Ing. Zbyněk Svoboda, Ing. Ondřej HorákStarting from January 1, 2023 (in the Czech Republic), on the basis of § 4, paragraph 1 of Decree No. 264/2020 Coll., on the energy efficiency of buildings, it is necessary for buildings or zones with cooling, humidity control or electricity production to calculate the energy efficiency of the building with an interval of one hour. The subject of the article is an approximation of the basic specifics of the hourly step of calculation and a comparison of the results of the calculation and the assessment of energy intensity in the monthly and hourly step of calculation according to the requirements of the applicable legislation.
RECENT REVIEWED EDITORIAL RESEARCH PAPERS IN THE FIELD OF BUILDING SERVICES ENGINEERING
Heating | Ventilating and Air-Conditioning | Water and Drainage | Renewable Energy | Electrical Engineering | Energetics Shell Construction19.3.2024 | Ing. Jakub Šejna, Ing. Patrik Dobrovolný, prof. Ing. František Wald, CSc.This article follows up on Part 1, which dealt with the theoretical knowledge of partial fire protection of steel structures. It focuses on experimental work and numerical models, supplemented by parametric studies. Experiments were conducted on four steel samples, each subjected to a standard fire temperature curve for 60 minutes. The samples were tested with various thicknesses of coatback to determine its impact on the thermal behavior of steel. Numerical models were developed based on the experimental data and used for parametric studies, which examined the impact of various variables, such as the length and thickness of fire protection, on the temperature at the junction of the beam and column. The results show that the thickness and length of fire protection significantly influence the thermal stability of steel structures and can be used to design effective fire protection measures.
Shell Construction4.3.2024 | Ing. Zuzana Hejlová, Ing. Pavel HeinrichIn view of the progressive developments within brick construction, it is necessary to take an interest in new technologies and to increase awareness of the use of Eurocode 6 so that constructions made of modern masonry elements and mortars are designed correctly technically and economically. In the text we offer one of the options for brickwork, including structural and fire safety.
Shell Construction19.2.2024 | doc. Ing. Jana Marková, CSc., ČVUT Praha, Kloknerův ústavThe revision of the EN 1991 Eurocodes for structural loads is in its final stages of development. The Technical Sub-Commission has received comments from member countries which will be incorporated subsequently. The following text provides an update on the status of the finalisation of the revision of prEN 1991 Loads. Formally, the introductory chapters as well as the figures and relationships have been modified to be consistent with document N1250, which sets out the requirements for the production of Eurocodes both technically and editorially. Modifications have also been made to the titles of the load sections of the Eurocodes.
Insulation, Roofs, Facades25.12.2023 | Ing. Pavel Dostal, Svaz zakládání a údržby zeleně, z.s., GreenVille service s.r.o.This expert article focuses on the issue of green roofs and their relationship to the statics of buildings. It analyses the different types of green roofs and their effect on the height of the vegetation layer and the overall load. It also mentions the effect of wind loading on green roofs, including both lightweight compositions of layers, as well as the issue of biosolar roofs - system solutions of green roofs with photovoltaics, where the PV carriers are loaded by the green roof composition. The paper discusses the challenges associated with the design and engineering of green roofs with respect to their stability and safety, and makes recommendations for the collaboration of the roof gardener and structural engineer from the perspective of a long-time green roof implementer.
Insulation, Roofs, Facades5.12.2023 | Ing. Jan Mařík, Ph.D., Ing. Paed. IGIP, Ing. Jan SeifertSolar photovoltaics are massively being placed on roofs of both new and existing buildings with trapezoidal sheeting as the roof load-bearing structure. If the design of photovoltaics supporting structure is not solved regarding the possibilities and limitations of the trapezoidal sheeting the serious structural problem can occur. Especially in combination with other common defects and mistakes connected to these structures. Nowadays the issue of localized load distribution from the photovoltaics to the trapezoidal sheeting is often underestimated and a lot of suppliers often don´t want to deal with this matter.
Insulation, Roofs, Facades6.11.2023 | Mgr. Vitalii Komlev, prof. Ing. Josef Macháček, DrSc.The article presents the design of prestressed cable-net glass façades based on the ANSYS software. The suggested model is validated and verified using published tests and published models in another software and used for a parametrical study of façades with point-fixed (“spider”) fittings. The study embodies two dimensions of the net, a spectrum of stainless steel Macalloy single spiral strands and laminated glass panes of various thickness. The cable prestress was taken as 30 % of their design load in accordance with published recommendations. The design respects the valid European standards for glass and loadings in serviceability and ultimate limit states. The results present tables of deflections, glass stresses and cable forces.
Insulation, Roofs, Facades30.10.2023 | prof. Ing. Josef Macháček, DrSc., ČVUT v Praze, Fakulta stavebníThe article deals with preliminary information on design of prestressed cable-nets supporting large glass façades. Described are façade components and examples of prominent realized façades. In the survey of primary publications the trend of experimental and theoretical approaches concerning design problems of these structures is presented (securing of necessary stiffness and load capacity, danger of a glass-cable-net connection failure, failure of anchors or loss of prestressing, dynamic behaviour during failures, blasts and earthquakes, temperature effects). In more details are described publications used in the follow-up Part [31] for validation and verification of the own numerical analysis and parametric studies of these façades.
Windows, Doors20.3.2023 | Ing. Lucie Kudrnáčová, Ph.D, ČVUT v Praze, Kloknerův ústav, Oddělení stavebních materiálůThe paper deals with the comparison of the thermal properties of jamb for different types of windows. In the case of reconstruction, it is often necessary to preserve the original double- windows or to use modern materials due to the thermal solution of the building. Modern constructions mean the use of double or single windows with thermal-insulating glazing. These changes in the construction of the window have an effect on the thermal processes on the structure. One of the important parameters for the assessment of the building structure is the assessment of the internal surface temperature of the building structure. This article shows the difference in finishes and heat flows to remove different types of windows. The reference window for comparison is the original double history window. The results were found in a model environment in 2D software.
Windows, Doors27.2.2023 | Ing. Michaela Zdražilová, Ing. Zdeněk Sokol, Ph.D., prof. Ing. Martina Eliášová, CSc.Contemporary architecture often works with glass facades, roofs or even glass columns and beams. The problematic part of a glass structure design is usually a connection between the glass elements and the rest of structure. In order to achieve as much transparency as possible, various mechanical point fixing systems, adhesive connections and their combinations were developed. Although being widely used, the design procedure is mostly based on experiments. There is ongoing research at the Czech Technical University in Prague focusing on characteristics of an embedded laminated connection under various types of loads. Within the initial phase of experiments, small scale specimens consisting of different glass and foil types were tested. The experiments revealed the tensile, eccentric shear and compressive short-term load-bearing capacity of the connection and a dominant mode of failure. Data obtained from the tests are going to be used for further numerical simulations and a parametrical study.
Windows, Doors26.4.2021 | Ing. Lucia Ondrušková, Slovenská technická univerzita, Stavebná fakulta, Katedra kovových a drevených konštrukciíIncreased stresses occur near the supports of glass structures, which can be decisive for design of glass member. Recommendations for minimum distance of bolted connection from the edge can be found in current standarts. For verification of details are used FE-models. Influence of the edge distance and material thickness on the maximum stress value at the edge of the hole in glass loaded in its plane is compared in this paper.
Windows, Doors22.3.2021 | Ing. Libor Šteffek, Ph.D., Ing. Jiří Kalánek, Ph.D., prof. Ing. Milan Ostrý, Ph.D.The paper deals with the energy balance of windows for different combination of glazing parameters in connection with their orientation. Sum of solar gains through the transparent surfaces of a building envelope depends mainly on the size, their orientation and the
g-value. Large glazed surfaces with correct orientation ensure large solar gains, but they are also the weakest part of the thermal isulating building envelope.
The influences of various
U-value (
Ug) and
g-value of glazing on the energy performance of selected passive house were calculated by the use of computer simulation.
Floors, Partition Walls, Surfaces26.4.2022 | Ing. Tomáš Melichar, Ph.D., doc. Ing. Jiří Bydžovský, CSc., Ing. Lenka Mészárosová, Ph.D., Ing. Amos Dufka, Ph.D.One of the very essential aspects to ensure adequate durability of composite materials that combine cementitious matrix and wood is the stabilization of the wood structure. Stabilization of the wood structure is particularly important in relation to the moisture effect on the wood-cement composite mechanical properties. Stabilization of the wood matrix is generally carried out by means of suitable types of additives. This paper deals with a detailed analysis of the influence of the wood-cement materials composition in relation to the effect of liquid water. Another essential area of the presented research is the analysing the ability of the modified matrix (by different types of industrial wastes) to fix sugars in the structure of the wood mass, with regard to the possible affecting the hydration process of the cement matrix.
Floors, Partition Walls, Surfaces11.4.2022 | Ing. Tomáš Melichar, Ph.D., doc. Ing. Jiří Bydžovský, CSc., Ing. Miroslav Vacula, Ing. Šárka Keprdová, Ph.D.Floor leveling materials have an irreplaceable place in the construction or reconstruction of buildings, especially in the construction of floors where the aim is to reduce the wet process in relation to the speed of completing. Various types of raw materials (expanded clay, aerated concrete, mineralised wood chips, etc.) are used for floor leveling materials. This paper presents research and development of a new type dry leveling floor material based on treated cuttings from cement-bonded particleboard processing. This leveling material is intended for reconstruction and even construction of new floors in buildings. Research and development takes into account the environmental situation, because approximately 5,000 t of cuttings is produced during the formatting of cement-bonded particleboard annualy. The intention of the research and development was to assess the properties and behaviour of the leveling material based on suitably modified cuttings from the production of cement-bonded particleboards. The composition of the cuttings was adjusted in a jaw crusher and subsequently, different variants of the leveling material were analysed in terms of particle size distribution, compressibility, confined compressive strength, water absorption and thermal conductivity coefficient. The properties of the developed material were also compared with the parameters of commonly commercially available leveling materials.
Floors, Partition Walls, Surfaces17.5.2021 | doc. Ing. Jiří Dohnálek, CSc., autorizovaný inženýr a soudní znalecTogether with the professional magazine Podlahy Profi, we have prepared a series where the authors get acquainted with the basic standard ČSN 74 4505 Floors - Common provisions and subsequently with other standards that are important for the floor area and respond to comments from opponents and reviewers. The fifth part is devoted to another chapter of the ČSN 74 4505 standard, entitled Floor testing.
Low Energy Buildings6.2.2023 | Ing. Kateřina Klepačová, Ing. Magdaléna Novotná, Ph.D., Ing. Martin Volf, Ph.D., Ing. Jakub Diviš, Ph.D., Ing. Jan Růžička, Ph.D. Low Energy Buildings30.4.2021 | Ing. Zuzana Mrňová, VUT FAST Brno, Ústav stavební ekonomiky a řízeníA responsible approach to the environment is not only related to corporate ecology, but is also increasingly reflected in the design and construction of buildings, which is closely related to the concept of sustainable construction of buildings. With the development of sustainable construction, the need arose to evaluate buildings and their impact on the environment. For this reason, environmental certifications of buildings have been developed, which assess how a building affects its surroundings during its life cycle.
The aim of this article is to find out which environmental certifications exist in the world and which of them are most often used in the Czech Republic. Finally, the certifications are compared and their main differences are described.
Low Energy Buildings8.2.2021 | prof. Ing. Jan Tywoniak, CSc., ČVUT Praha, pracoviště UCEEB | Dřevo&Stavby Profispeciál 2020 Wooden Buildings18.12.2023 | Ing. Martin Hataj, Ph.D., Ing. Jan Pošta, Ph.D., Ing. Pavla NovotnáWithin the framework of the project "Prefabricated recyclable timber-based frame building system", a new building system is being developed, the main load-bearing elements of which are rigid frames made of timber-based material. The principal investigator of the project is ecokit s.r.o. and the co-principal investigator is UCEEB CTU. This paper presents the development of the load-bearing structure of the frame system.
Wooden Buildings2.10.2023 | Ing. Petr Ptáček, Ph.D., ČVUT v Praze, pracoviště UCEEBThe protection of wood in wooden buildings does not seem to be very important due to their location in use class 1 or 2 according to ČSN EN 335, but it is particularly suitable for timber elements that are located close to the foundation slab or are difficult to replace. It follows from the majority of recurring defects, for example plumbing failures, leaks through the roof, facade, inappropriate terrain height around the base plate or as a result of a tornado, that it is necessary to protect at least the foundation threshold according to the structure of the wooden building, preferably up to use class 4 according to ČSN EN 335, which is only possible by pressure impregnation.
Wooden Buildings10.7.2023 | prof. Ing. Antonín Lokaj, Ph.D., Ing. David Mikolášek, Ph.D., Ing. Pavel Dobeš, Ph.D., Ing. Marek Johanides, Ph.D., Ing. Petr Mynarčík, Ph.D.The paper deals with the experimental and numerical analysis of the influence of the orientation of large-area sheathing panels of load-bearing wall panels of wooden buildings. The experimental results were then compared with the numerical model in SCIA Engineer and with the analytical calculation.
Wooden Buildings22.5.2023 | Ing. Andrea Nasswettrová, Ph.D., MBA, ProDřevo ateliér, Společnost pro technologie ochrany památek STOP, z.s. Building Regeneration16.12.2023 | Ing. Eliška Maršálková, Ph.D., prof. Ing. Blahoslav Maršálek, CSc.The occurrence of communities of photoautotrophic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria and algae can pose a serious problem for both natural and artificial building materials. There is a risk of gradual degradation, often to the point of complete disintegration of these materials. The authors of the article aim to find a suitable method of early warning and to avoid a situation where, on the basis of expert assessment, we can conclude that the process of destruction is already underway or even complete.
Building Regeneration16.10.2023 | RNDr. Hana Zvěřinová Mlejnková, Ph.D., Ing. Pavel Sedláček, Ing. Milena ForejtníkováThe article introduces the project, which elaborated in detail a draft methodology for the assessment of biohazard of monuments, including damage to individual elements, and assessed the degree of potential threat to selected categories of monuments and protected areas using a unified procedure for the entire territory of the Czech Republic.
Building Regeneration21.8.2023 | Ing. Michal Kloiber, Ph.D., Petr RůžičkaExtensive field experience in repairing wooden structures shows two basic limiting factors for the quality of the work, which are often circumvented or simplified in various ways. Firstly, the quality of the timber used for repairs (replacements, prostheses) and the resulting problems in not following the recommended criteria for selecting the appropriate material, with regard to the long-term coexistence of the new timber with the original material. In the second case, the methods of wood treatment are a very influential factor, where, for various reasons, the preferred traditional methods are replaced by imitations without any benefits. In this article, due to its limited scope, only the most obvious case will be discussed, namely the treatment of logs by hewing.
Building Physics12.2.2024 | doc. Ing. Jan Kaňka, Ph.D., člen TNK 76 Osvětlení, ČKAIT PrahaWhen calculating the daylighting of buildings, the properties of shading obstacles are expressed either by means of a brightness factor or by means of a light reflection factor. The article reports on the relationship between these two factors and offers the JAFAS 2024 program to calculate the brightness factor in a simple urban situation.
Building Physics29.1.2024 | Ing. Lubor Kalousek, Ph.D., Ing. Zuzana Fišarová, Ph.D., Ing. Zdeněk Vejpustek, Ph.D.The article is focused on the issue of traditional timber joist floor structures and floor compositions from the period up to the first half of the 20
th century. In building practice, we very often encounter these structures in residential buildings that are the subject of structural changes. During these interventions, the basic ideas of the original technical solution are not always respected and some physical parameters of building are degraded. The article describes the principles that were devoted to these types of structures in historical legislative and standard regulations and further in professional literature. The original historical solutions are presented on a practical example. In relation to building interventions in historic timber joist floor structures, current legislative and standard regulations are described, as well as examples of modern solutions and their limitations.
Building Physics15.1.2024 | doc. Ing. Jan Kaňka, Ph.D., Ing. Bc. Jaroslav Vychytil, Ph.D.The article deals with the description of selected graphic-numerical methods used to determine the amount of daylight. The principle of derivation of these methods is explained and the principle of working with the relevant diagrams is described. Nowadays, we rarely see the use of diagrams in practice, but some professional software uses them either directly or at least in their graphical outputs.
Building Physics8.1.2024 | doc. Ing. Jan Kaňka, Ph.D., Ing. Bc. Jaroslav Vychytil, Ph.D.The article deals with the description of selected graphic-numerical methods used to determine the amount of daylight. The principle of derivation of these methods is explained and the principle of working with the relevant diagrams is described. Nowadays, we rarely see the use of diagrams in practice, but some professional software uses them either directly or at least in their graphical outputs.
RECENT REVIEWED EDITORIAL RESEARCH PAPERS IN THE FIELD OF CONSTRUCTION
Shell Construction | Insulation, Roofs, Facades | Windows, Doors | Floors, Partition Walls, Surfaces | Low Energy Buildings | Wooden Buildings | Building Regeneration | Building Physics